Finance

Finance is defined as the management of money and includes activities such as investing, borrowing, lending, budgeting, saving, and forecasting. 

John J. Hampton: "The term finance can be defined as the management of the flows of money through an organisation, whether it will be a corporation, school, or bank or government agency".

Finance is the process of channeling money from savers and investors to entities that need it. Savers and investors have money available which could earn interest or dividends if put to productive use. Individuals, companies and governments must obtain money from some external source, such as loans or credit, when they lack sufficient funds to operate. Finance deals with how and why an individual, company or government acquires the money needed – called capital in the company context – and how they spend or invest that money. 

To 16 most powerful people in finance :-

1. Warren Buffett - US : CEO, Berkshire Hathaway 

2. Janet Yellen - US : Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve

3. Jiang Jianqing - China : Chairman and executive director, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

4. Abigail Johnson - US : CEO, Fidelity

5. Larry Fink - US : Founder and CEO, BlackRock

6. Jamie Dimon - US : Chairman and CEO, JPMorgan Chase

7. Mario Draghi - Italy : President of the European Central Bank

8. Michael Bloomberg - US : CEO, Bloomberg LP

9. Christine Lagarde - France : Managing director of the IMF

10. Steve Schwarzman - US : Founder and CEO, Blackstone Group

11. Carl Icahn - US : Founder, Icahn Enterprises

12. Ray Dalio - US : Founder, Bridgewater Associates

13. Yngve Slyngstad - Norway : CEO, Norges Bank Investment Management

14. Lloyd Blankfein - US : CEO, Goldman Sachs

15. Ding Xuedong - China : Chairman and CEO, China Investment Corporation

16. George Soros - US : Chairman, Soros Fund Management and Open Society Foundations 

A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives at low transaction costs. Some of the securities include stocks and bonds, raw materials and precious metals, which are known in the financial markets as commodities. 

 stock exchange, securities exchange, is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock, bonds, and other financial instruments. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of such securities and instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. 

Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled. They can be cash (currency), evidence of an ownership interest in an entity or a contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency (forex); debt (bonds, loans); equity (shares); or derivatives (options, futures, forwards). 

Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be any asset, including an object, land or real estate, intellectual property, or until the nineteenth century, human beings. Ownership involves multiple rights, collectively referred to as title, which may be separated and held by different parties.